Kiai in Indonesian Social-Political Changes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35672/jnus.v2i1.67-88Keywords:
kiai, pesantren, religious, social-politics, changeAbstract
This article describes the existence of kiai khos, a group of new traditional elites, who are able to play significant roles not only in the religious field but recently also in socio-political issues. These roles are served as the manifestation of their mastery of classical books (kitab kuning). Since KH. Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) during his presidency, 1999-2001, the term kiai khos has become a new prototype for kiai with not only religious abilities but classical book mastery. The study shows that these new traditional elites have transformed the pesantren into a dynamic and are able to encourage kiai and santri to move forward well in the context of politics, economics and religion. It was done by using qualitative ethnographic methods with a socio-anthropological approach explaining the new space of traditional elites as a result of their imaginative articulation in the dynamics of religion and politics in Indonesia.
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Arifin, Achmad Zainal. (2013). Charisma and Rationalisation in a Modernising Pesantren: Changing Values in Traditional Islamic Education in Java. A Thesis of Ph.D The Western Sydney University.
Arkoun, Mohammed. (2003). Rethinking Islam Today. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 588:18–39. doi: 10.1177/0002716203588001003.
Aspinall, Edward. (2010). Semi-Opponents in Power: The Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Soekarnoputri Presidencies. Australia: ANU.
Aspinall, Edward, and Greg Fealy. (2010). Soeharto’s New Order and Its Legacy : Essays in Honour of Harold Crouc. Australia: ANU.
Azra, Azyumardi. (2005). Islam in Southeast Asia: Tolerance and Radicalism. Australia: University of Melbourne.
Bashri, Yanto. (2020). Perjuangan Sosial Dan Politik Pandemi. Beritasatu.Com.
Batubara, Chuzaimah. (1999). Islam and Mystical Movements in Post-Independence Indonesia: Susila Budhi Dharma (Subud) and Its Doctrines. Canada: McGIll University.
Black, Antony. (2011). The History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present. Second Edition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd
Boogert, Jochem van den. (2015). Rethinking Javanese Islam: Towards New Descriptions of Javanese Traditions Issue. Leiden: Leiden University.
Burhani, Ahmad Najib. (2016). Kitab Kuning Dan Kitab Suci: Pengaruh Al-Jabiri Terhadap Pemikiran Keagamaan di NU dan Muhammadiyah. Masyarakat Indonesia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Indonesia 41(1):29–42.
Bush, Robin, and Greg Fealy. (2014). The Political Decline of Traditional Ulama in Indonesia: The State, Umma and Nahdlatul Ulama. Asian Journal of Social Science 42(5):536–60. doi: 10.1163/15685314-04205004.
Daniels, Timothy P. (2016). Islamic Spectrum in Java. First Edit. New York: Routledge.
Daniels, Timothy P. (1999). Imagining Selves and Inventing Festival Sriwijaya. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 30(1):7–10.
Dharsono (Sony Kartika), Jakob Sumardjo, Matius Ali, Mudji Sutrisno, S.J., G.R. Lono L. Simatupang, Rahmanu Widayat, Pujiyanto, MarwatiJakob Sumardjo Matius Ali, Mudji Sutrisno, S.J., G.R. Lono L. Simatupang, Dharsono (Sony Kartika), Rahmanu Widayat, and Pu. (2010). Estetika Nusantara: Orientasi Terhadap Filsafat, Kebudayaan, Pandangan Masyarakat, Dan Paradigma Seni. Vol. 1. Surakarta: ISI Press Surakarta.
Effendy, Bahtiar. (2011). Islam dan Negara: Transformasi Gagasan Dan Praktik Politk Islam Di Indonesia. First. Jakarta: Yayasan Abad Demokrasi.
Fauzi, Muhammad Latif. (2012). The Roles of Kyai and Pesantren in Preserving Islamic Tradition and Negotiating Modernity Muhammad Latif Fauzi IAIN Surakarta - Indonesia. Journal of Indonesia Islam 06(01):125–44. doi: 10.15642/JIIS.2012.6.1.125-144.
Feener, R. Michael. (2007). Cross-Cultural Contexts of Modern Muslim Intellectualism. Die Welt Des Islams 47(3):264–82.
Fish, M. Steven. (2002). Islam and Authoritarianism. World Politics 55(October):4–37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1353/wp.2003.0004.
Franklin, Nathan John. (2014). Reproducing Political Islam in Java : The Role of Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah Pesantren in the Political Socialisation of the Umat. C.harles Darwin University.
Geertz, Clifford. (1957). Ritual and Social Change : A Javanese Example. American Anthropologist 59(1):32–54.
Hidayat, Rachmad. (2011). Santri , Kyai , and Ulama : Framing Masculinities within Indonesian Religius Elites. International Workshop on Masculinities in Asia (August 2011):0–14.
Julia Day Howell. (2001). Sufism and the Indonesian Islamic Revival Author. The Journal of Asian Studies 60(3):701–29.
Kikue, Hamayotsu. (2011). The End of Political Islam? A Comparative Analysis of Religious Parties in the Muslim Democracy of Indonesia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 30(3):133.
Lukens-Bull, Ronald. (2010). Madrasa By Any Other Name: Pondok, Pesantren, and Islamic Schools in Southeast Asia. Journal of Indonesian Islam. 04(01):1–21. doi: 10.15642/JIIS.2010.4.1.1-21.
Mohamed, Sirelkhatim. (2015). Authority in Islam: The Institutionalization of Islam and the Elusive Transfer of Authority from Society to State. Journal of Georgetown University-Qatar Middle Eastern Studies Student Association 2015:2. doi: 10.5339/messa.2015.2.
Mohd. Shuhaimi, Haji Ishak, and Chuah Abdullah Osman. (2012). Islam and the Malay World: An Insight into the Assimilation of Islamic Values. World Journal of Islamic History and Civilization 2(2):58–65.
Niam, Khoirun. (2017). Nahdlatul Ulama and the Production of Muslim Intellectuals in the Beginning of 21st Century Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Islam 11(2):351–88. doi:10.15642/JIIS.2017.11.2.351-388.
Porter, Donald J. (2005). Managing Politics and Islam in Indonesia. RoutledgeCurzon.
Pranowo, Bambang. (2009). Memahami Islam. Jakarta: Pustaka Alvabet and Indonesia Institute for Society.
Sidney Jones. (1984). The Contraction and Expansion of the " Umat " and the Role of the Nahdatul Ulama in Indonesia. Southeast Asia Program Publications at Cornell University 38(38):1–20.
Sternberg, Robert J. (1999). Encyclopedia of Creativity: Volume 2 I-Z. Vol. 2. Second. edited by Howard Gardner.
Wahid, Din. (2012). Challenging Religious Authority: The Emergence of SalafÄ« UstÄdhs in Indonesia. Journal of Indonesian Islam 6(2):245–64. doi: 10.15642/JIIS.2012.6.2.245-264.
Woodward, Mark. (2011). Reflections on Java and Islam 1979-2010. Al-Jami’ah 49(2):281–94. doi: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2011.492.281-294.
Zuhdi, Muhammad. (2018). Challenging Moderate Muslims: Indonesia’s Muslim Schools in the Midst of Religious Conservatism. Religions 9(10):1–15. doi: 10.3390/rel9100310.
Zulkifli, Zulkifli. (2013). The Ulama in Indonesia: Between Religious Authority and Symbolic Power. MIQOT: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 37(1):180–97. doi: 10.30821/miqot.v37i1.79.
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Published
2021-01-31
How to Cite
Bashri, Y. (2021). Kiai in Indonesian Social-Political Changes. Journal of Nahdlatul Ulama Studies, 2(1), 67–88. https://doi.org/10.35672/jnus.v2i1.67-88
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